Managing Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation in Breast Cancer Treatment

The standard tools for breast cancer care—chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery—are life-saving therapies, but they can have substantial side effects. Although aimed to kill cancer cells, these treatments may also affect normal tissues which can present physical challenges. Being able to optimally manage these side effects could potentially increase the quality of life and improve the overall treatment experience for patients going through these therapies. From alleviating discomfort to staying well throughout treatment, there are some practical strategies for patients managing side effects. In this article, some tips are shared on how to manage the common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, to bring more calmness during a patient's treatment.

 Nausea and vomiting are often associated with chemotherapy. To manage these symptoms, doctors often prescribe anti-nausea medications that can be taken before or after treatment. Patients should also consider eating small, frequent meals throughout the day to avoid an empty stomach, which can trigger nausea. Foods that are bland, easy to digest, and low in fat—such as crackers, applesauce, or plain rice—can help ease discomfort. Furthermore, research has found that fluids such as ginger tea are an effective treatment for nausea. Nausea and vomiting can also lead to dehydration, so drinking plenty of fluids, especially water can help manage these symptoms.

Radiation therapy can cause skin irritation, often resembling a sunburn, in the area being treated. This can present itself through redness, peeling, dryness, or sensitivity. To protect the skin, patients can use mild, fragrance-free soaps and moisturizers. Patients can also avoid tight clothing and protect the skin from direct sunlight through methods such as wearing long-sleeve shirts. Patients may also find relief from applying cool compresses to the affected areas. Additionally, it is essential that the patient communicates with their treatment team about any skin changes so medical professionals can address them accordingly. Staying hydrated can also support skin health and aid in recovery.

Hydration and nutrition are key components in managing the side effects of cancer treatment.. Eating nutrient-dense foods—which are foods that contain a significant amount of vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats— can help maintain energy levels and support the immune system. If change of taste or loss of appetite become issues, working with a dietitian can be helpful in finding meals that are both nourishing and appealing.